객관식 경찰헌법4

Understanding the History of the Constitution (Constitutional History): Explore the pivotal historical and political context that shaped South Korea's foundational legal framework. This course delves into the events leading to the establishment of the Republic of Korea.

Following World War II and Japan's defeat, the Allied forces of the United States and the Soviet Union entered Korea. The peninsula was divided along the 38th parallel, with Soviet control in the north and American control in the south, leading to military administration. Initial plans for a unified provisional government and a five-year trusteeship, as discussed in the Moscow Conference and Joint Soviet-American Commission, faced strong opposition from the Korean people.

Ultimately, on February 27, 1948, the UN General Assembly resolved to hold elections within limited areas to establish a government. This led to the first national elections in South Korea on May 10, 1948, resulting in the formation of the First National Assembly (Jeonheun Congress), comprised of 198 members.

The First National Assembly elected Syngman Rhee as its chairman and commenced the process of drafting a new constitution. A Constitutional Foundation Committee, consisting of 30 members of the Constitutional Foundation Assembly and 10 expert advisors, was established. Initial proposals favored a parliamentary cabinet system and a bicameral legislature, with judicial review powers vested in the Supreme Court, as suggested by Yujin Oh.

However, due to strong opposition from Chairman Syngman Rhee, the proposal shifted to a unicameral legislature and a presidential system of government. The revised plan also retained the power of judicial review for the Constitutional Committee, and was subsequently submitted to the National Assembly for consideration. Learn about the key decisions and compromises that shaped the early days of South Korean governance and the development of its constitutional principles.